Feeling the Field: A Reflection on the Emotional Labor of Special Educators in Kerala
Aiswarya P Raj & Aysha Thamanna K
M.A. in Society and Culture (Class of 2024)
Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
aiswaryapullat@gmail.com, ayshathamannak19@gmail.com
As part of our summer internship during our Master’s we assisted Professor Priya Nair Rajeev from the Organizational Behaviour and Human Resources Area, IIM Kozhikode, on a study exploring the emotional labour of special educators in Kerala. Through a qualitative study involving in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and informal conversations, we examine how special educators navigate the emotional demands of their work, like balancing care, institutional expectations, and personal well-being. Our reflections highlight how emotional labor shapes not only classroom dynamics but also teachers’ sense of commitment, stress, and satisfaction within the broader educational system.
Our internship was for two months. We spent one month reviewing the literature and preparing for data collection, and the next month in the schools collecting data for the project. We visited 7 schools across Calicut and spent 1-2 days in each school interacting with administrators and interviewing teachers. While we initially planned to conduct individual in-depth interviews, in many instances these conversations morphed into focus group discussions with teachers inviting their colleagues to join the conversation.
The Silent Work of Listening: Notes on Ethnographic Fieldwork
If I were to fall ill, even for a single day, I have a group of kind-hearted students and their parents who sincerely pray for my health and happiness. As a teacher, what more could I possibly ask for? It’s love and only love we have for each other that keeps us going.
Surayya, who is celebrating her 30th year as a Special Educator this year, replied when we asked her about the motivation behind her consistent commitment as a special educator after all these years.
We arrived at our field site, a renowned special school in the city of Calicut in northern Kerala, carrying with us a set of printed interview guides, a brown notebook, our ethical clearance documents, and a slightly awkward demeanour. The primary objective of our research was to understand the emotional labour of special educators and the socio-cultural factors that shape them. As defined by Grandey (2000), emotional labour is the process of regulating both internal feelings and outward emotional expressions according to an organisation’s display rules. While the research sounded theoretically sound and fairly straightforward on paper, the data collection process, we soon realised, was something entirely different. That reality hit us the moment we noticed the hesitation on the principal’s face when we said we were researchers. This being the first field experience in our research, we were both a bit nervous, but we managed to put on a straight face and explained the objective of our visit and the idea behind the research as best as we could. To our surprise, the principal became interested once she understood our purpose, and she soon assigned a teacher for us to interview.
And that’s when we met Miss Suraiyya.
We were asked to wait inside an empty classroom in the school, with bright walls and handmade charts and drawings. Surayya then came, sat on a small plastic chair, and we sat opposite her across the low, brightly colored table, clearly meant for her students, not for two adult researchers fumbling with the interview guide. But as soon as she began to recount her three decades of teaching, our awkwardness gave way to curiosity and the conversation began to flow with surprising ease.
While we were interviewing her, a student and his father unexpectedly entered the classroom. Without missing a beat, the teacher stood up, her tone shifted, and a warm smile appeared on her face. She gently addressed the student, redirected him to another room, and only then returned to us. The transition was so fluid; it was care made visible, embodied. It was also, in many ways, a quiet demonstration of what Hochschild (1983) termed “deep acting”: not the mere display of emotions, but the genuine cultivation of feeling to meet the moral expectations of a role.
Throughout our time in the field, it became clear that deep acting was not an isolated occurrence. Educators didn’t just perform empathy, they lived it. As Miss Shalini noted, This isn’t like other professions, You need an extreme level of commitment here. If a teacher lacks the willingness to provide that, they should reconsider pursuing this as a profession. Such moments not only illuminated the emotional depth of the educators’ work, but also began to subtly shift our own understanding of the field; not as a fixed site of observation, but as a space we were being emotionally drawn into.
Field Site, while conceptualised in theory as a fixed physical space, revealed itself to us as something far more fluid than we imagined. The idea of the field site, as we began our data collection, then slowly started becoming a constantly shifting state, both spatially and emotionally. Our interactions with special educators took place mostly within the premises of schools. Though we remained seated in the same room, we found ourselves transported into the many locations they described: their homes, the youth festival stage, or moments of solitude after a long day. The field site, then, became not just a location, but a site of memory, of many places all at once. It became a space constructed as much through words and memory as through geography.
In such moments, the notebook and interview guide, the traditional tools of research, silently sat backstage. What took the frontstage instead was the act of listening, of simply being there, not just as researchers but as people holding space for vulnerability. Being “in the field,” then, became not merely the question of where we were but instead the question of how we were—mentally, emotionally, and ethically.
Across the course of our fieldwork, it became evident that the majority of our interlocutors were female educators, deeply committed to their work, and each situated within varying understandings of special education as a professional category. However, through our interactions, it became evident that many of their spouses or parents perceived their engagement in special education as an act of social service rather than legitimate employment. The gendered nature of the field; where women were far more present than men, shaped not only our participant pool but also the texture of our conversations. We were able to speak with two male educators, but both interactions were marked by a palpable discomfort. One of them, for instance, gently excused himself mid-conversation, saying he had a class in five minutes, even though it was clear we were in the middle of a break. These moments felt less like outright refusals and more like quiet withdrawals, subtle expressions of the social conditioning that teaches men to hold back emotionally, particularly in professions centred around care.
The experience with women, however, played out quite differently. At one of the schools, we were first greeted by a female interlocutor who was already familiar with the presence of researchers and the process of giving interviews. Without hesitation, she stepped inside and called her colleagues, who soon appeared carrying chairs for us and for themselves. There was an ease and immediacy in their response that set the tone for what followed. Though they laughed lightly at the formality of the consent forms we brought, they fully embraced the conversation. Seated together in a circle, they engaged not only with us but with one another discussing, debating, and often arriving at collective conclusions. It turned into a space of openness and understanding, where care, friendship, and emotions naturally surfaced.
Holding Space and Staying Present: Concluding Remarks
Fieldwork often demands empathy, but rarely does it account for the emotional toll this empathy extracts. While we arrived prepared to observe, document, and interpret, we were less prepared for the emotional residue that lingered after interviews; after a teacher broke down mid-sentence, or when a participant whispered, “I’ve never told anyone this before.” Moments like these reconfigured the research encounter, shifting it from a transaction of knowledge to something far more human and reciprocal.
These encounters revealed how fieldwork in emotionally charged settings blurred boundaries between the professional and the personal, much like the work of the special educators we were studying. In trying to understand the weight they carry, we found ourselves carrying some of it too. And yet, this emotional engagement, though taxing, also became a source of insight. It allowed us to understand not just what our participants were saying, but how they lived their experiences. At times, we also encountered the dilemma of what not to ask, when silence might be a form of care, or when probing further might open wounds we weren’t equipped to tend to. These ethical crossroads were rarely clear-cut. The instinct to “get the data” was constantly tempered by the ethical imperative to prioritize the well-being of our participants, particularly in moments when their emotional fatigue mirrored our own.
As Zembylas and Isenbarger (2002) note, it is essential to problematize the social and institutional contexts in which caring teaching occurs. The predominance of women in this field is no accident; it reflects long-standing beliefs about who is “naturally” suited to care. But as our participants revealed, care in special education is not natural or effortless. It is strategic, practised, and deeply affective work—much like qualitative research itself. Both involve a constant negotiation of boundaries, a balancing of proximity and distance, and an often-unspoken toll that accumulates over time.
This is not just a study of care, but a recognition of its complexity. It is an acknowledgment of how emotional labor functions across multiple axes, between teachers and students, between institutions and individuals, and between researchers and participants. It calls attention to the ways in which care circulates, is managed, and sometimes withheld in order to survive the work.
References
Grandey, A. A. (2000). Emotion regulation in the workplace: A new way to conceptualize emotional labor. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 95–110. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.5.1.95
Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Zembylas, M., & Isenbarger, L. (2002). Teaching science to students with learning disabilities: Subverting the myths of labeling through teachers’ caring and enthusiasm. Research in Science Education, 32(1), 55–79. doi:10.1023/A:1015050706407
